South Indian temple architecture is a form of architecture that was developed in the southern states of India, particularly Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. It is characterized by its use of granite and sandstone, its pyramidal towers, and its elaborate sculptures.
The earliest South Indian temples were built in the 7th century CE. These temples were simple structures, with a square sanctuary and a small mandapa, or pillared hall. Over time, temples became more elaborate, with larger sanctuaries, larger mandapas, and more elaborate sculptures.
The most distinctive feature of South Indian temple architecture is the vimana, or tower. Vimanas are typically pyramidal in shape, with multiple stories that gradually recede from the top. The vimana is a symbol of the mountain Meru, which is considered to be the home of the gods in Hindu mythology.
The walls of these temples are often decorated with elaborate sculptures. These sculptures depict a variety of subjects, including gods and goddesses, mythical creatures, and scenes from Hindu mythology. The sculptures are often carved in high relief, and they can be found on the walls of the sanctuary, the mandapa, and the gopuras, or gateway towers.
South Indian temple architecture is a rich and complex tradition that has evolved over centuries. It is a testament to the skill and artistry of the builders and sculptors who created these magnificent structures.
Here are some of the most famous South Indian temples:
- Brihadeeswarar Temple, Thanjavur
- Meenakshi Amman Temple, Madurai
- Virupaksha Temple, Hampi
- Hoysaleswara Temple, Halebidu
- Chennakesava Temple, Belur
- Srirangam Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam
- Ranganatha Temple, Srirangam
- Ekambareswarar Temple, Kanchipuram
- Airavatesvara Temple, Darasuram
- Brihadeeswarar Temple, Tiruvannamalai
These temples are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites, and they are some of the most important and impressive examples of South Indian temple architecture.
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